About immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type

What is immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type?

The WAS-related disorders are a spectrum of conditions affecting the immune system that are caused by mutations in the WAS gene. These disorders include Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked thrombocytopenia and X-linked congenital neutropenia. The WAS gene abnormality results in a deficiency in the WASP protein that leads to a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). WAS-related disorders usually present in infancy and are characterized by bloody diarrhea, recurrent infections, scaling, itchy, skin rashes (eczema), and the appearance of small purple spots on the skin (petechia). The development of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and intracranial bleeding are possible early, life-threatening complications. Later potential complications include destruction of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia), arthritis, vasculitis and kidney and liver damage. Affected individuals have an increased risk of developing lymphomas, especially after exposure to Epstein-Barr virus. WAS-related disorders are extremely variable, even in individuals in the same family.

What are the symptoms for immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type?

Diarrhea symptom was found in the immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type condition

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by abnormal immune system function (immune deficiency), Eczema (an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal patches of red, irritated skin), and a reduced ability to form blood clots.

Individuals with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have microthrombocytopenia, which is a decrease in the number and size of blood cells involved in clotting (platelets). This platelet abnormality, which is typically present from birth, can lead to easy bruising, bloody diarrhea, or episodes of prolonged bleeding following nose bleeds or minor trauma. Microthrombocytopenia can also lead to small areas of bleeding just under the surface of the skin, resulting in purplish spots called purpura, or variably sized rashes made up of tiny red spots called petechiae. In some cases, particularly if a bleeding episode occurs within the brain, prolonged bleeding can be life-threatening.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is also characterized by abnormal or nonfunctional immune system cells known as white blood cells. Changes in white blood cells lead to an increased risk of several immune and inflammatory disorders in people with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. These immune problems vary in severity and include an increased susceptibility to infection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. People with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are at greater risk of developing autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, or hemolytic anemia. These disorder occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's own tissues and organs. The chance of developing certain types of cancer, such as cancer of the immune system cells (lymphoma), is also increased in people with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

 

What are the causes for immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type?

Mutations in the WAS gene cause Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. The WAS gene provides instructions for making a protein called WASP. This protein is found in all blood cells. WASP is involved in relaying signals from the surface of blood cells to the actin cytoskeleton, which is a network of fibers that make up the cell's structural framework. WASP signaling triggers the cell to move and attach to other cells and tissues (adhesion). In white blood cells, this signaling allows the actin cytoskeleton to establish interactions between cells and the foreign invaders that they target (immune synapses).

WAS gene mutations that cause Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome lead to a lack of any functional WASP. Loss of WASP signaling disrupts the function of the actin cytoskeleton in developing blood cells. White blood cells that lack WASP have a decreased ability to respond to their environment and form immune synapses. As a result, white blood cells are less able to respond to foreign invaders, causing many of the immune problems related to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Similarly, a lack of functional WASP in platelets impairs their development, leading to reduced size and early cell death. Additionally, the normal process of removing platelets from circulation and taking them to the spleen for destruction also likely contributes to microthrombocytopenia in individuals with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Because they all have the same genetic cause, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked thrombocytopenia, and severe congenital neutropenia are sometimes collectively referred to as WAS-related disorders.

What are the treatments for immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type?

Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich type (treatments)

What is the Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Adrich Type?
Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich Type is a rare X-linked disease. Mutations in the gene WAS lead to a wide spectrum of conditions related to the immune system. This abnormality in the gene WAS causes a deficiency in the WASP protein, resulting in a low platelet count. It is evident in infancy and generally classified by bloody diarrhea, frequent infections, itching, scaling, skin rashes, and small purple spots appearing on the skin. Future potential complications include hemolytic anemia, arthritis, vasculitis, and kidney and liver damage.

Treatment of Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Adrich Type
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: It is also known as bone marrow transplantation.

The following treatments are still under development:

Intravenous Ig: This is a crucial adjunct to prevent infectious complications

Autoimmunity: Immunomodulatory therapy with IVIG might improve symptoms in severe manifestations of autoimmunity.

Thrombocytopenia

Symptoms
Abnormal immune system function (immune deficiency),Eczema (an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal patches of red, irritated skin),A reduced ability to form blood clots
Conditions
Immunological deficiency,Reduced ability to form blood clots
Drugs
Antibiotics

What are the risk factors for immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type?

This condition is inherited in an X-linked pattern. A condition is considered X-linked if the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell. In males, who have only one X chromosome, a mutation in the only copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females, who have two copies of the X chromosome, one altered copy of the gene in each cell can lead to less severe features of the condition or may cause no signs or symptoms at all. A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons.

Is there a cure/medications for immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type?

Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich Type is denoted by anomalies of the immune system, inflammatory disorder of the skin, and a declined ability to form blood clots. This condition is prominent in males only.

Cure/medications for Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Adrich Type
Stem cell transplant is the only cure available for Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Adrich Type. Here, by the use of bone marrow, peripheral blood to the umbilical cord, blood from a healthy matched donor is introduced into the child's bloodstream. It helps stem cells to develop normally into healthy immune cells and platelets.

Medications for Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Adrich Type are as follows:
Under Corticosteroids:
1. Prednisone: For example, Sterapred
2. Methylprednisolone: For example, Medrol and Solu-Medrol
3. Fluocinolone: For example, Synalar

Under Immunoglobulins:
Immune globulin: For example, Gemmatard, Gamunex, Iveegam EN, Privigen

Symptoms
Abnormal immune system function (immune deficiency),Eczema (an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal patches of red, irritated skin),A reduced ability to form blood clots
Conditions
Immunological deficiency,Reduced ability to form blood clots
Drugs
Antibiotics

Video related to immunodeficiency wiskott-aldrich type